Potassium Valence Electrons

Lewis used simple diagrams (now called Lewis diagrams) to keep track of how many electrons were present in the outermost, or valence, shell of a given atom. The kernel of the atom, i.e., the nucleus together with the inner electrons, is represented by the chemical symbol, and only the valence electrons are drawn as dots surrounding the chemical symbol. Thus the three atoms shown in Figure 1 from Electrons and Valence can be represented by the following Lewis diagrams:

In writing the electron configuration for Potassium the first two electrons will go in the 1s orbital. Since 1s can only hold two electrons the next 2 electrons for Potassium go in the 2s orbital. The next six electrons will go in the 2p orbital. The p orbital can hold up to six electrons. We'll put six in the 2p orbital and then put the next.

Potassium Atom Valence Electrons

Potassium is a chemical element with atomic number 19 which means there are 19 protons and 19 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Potassium is K. Potassium was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name derives. In the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals. Question: Atom #1 Number Of Valence Electrons Prediction Of Charge Atom #2 Of Valence Electrons Prediction Molecular Of Charge Formula Name Of Compe Na 11 8 Na2O Sodium Oxide +1 KF Potassium Fluoride Mg +2 MgCl2 Magnesium Chloride +2 IN Ca3N2 Calcium Nitride ΑΙ +3 A1253 Aluminum Sulfide Part 2: Covalent Bonding 1. You Will First Investigate 5 Diatomic Molecules.

If the atom is a noble-gas atom, two alternative procedures are possible. Either we can consider the atom to have zero valence electrons or we can regard the outermost filled shell as the valence shell. The first three noble gases can thus be written as:

Example (PageIndex{1}): Lewis Structures

• Potassium is an alkali metal. So it contains 1 electron in its valenced shell or orbital. So its valency is also 1. Actually this is the method to calculate valency.
• Hereof, what is the principle quantum number for the valence electrons in K? Correct answer: Potassium has one valence electron.This means that there is one electron in its outermost shell (4th shell).Potassium ion, on the other hand, loses an electron and has a complete octet (has eight valence electrons) in its 3rd shell.Recall that the principal quantum number signifies the shell.

Draw Lewis diagrams for an atom of each of the following elements: Li, N, F, Na

Solution

We find from the periodic table inside the front cover that Li has an atomic number of 3. It thus contains three electrons, one more than the noble gas He. This means that the outermost, or valence, shell contains only one electron, and the Lewis diagram is

Following the same reasoning, N has seven electrons, five more than He, while F has nine electrons, seven more than He, giving

Na has nine more electrons than He, but eight of them are in the kernel, corresponding to the eight electrons in the outermost shell of Ne. Since Na has only 1 more electron than Ne, its Lewis diagram is

Notice from the preceding example that the Lewis diagrams of the alkali metals are identical except for their chemical symbols. This agrees nicely with the very similar chemical behavior of the alkali metals. Similarly, Lewis diagrams for all elements in other groups, such as the alkaline earths or halogens, look the same.

The Lewis diagrams may also be used to predict the valences of the elements. Lewis suggested that the number of valences of an atom was equal to the number of electrons in its valence shell or to the number of electrons which would have to be added to the valence shell to achieve the electronic shell structure of the next noble gas. As an example of this idea, consider the elements Be and O. Their Lewis diagrams and those of the noble gases He and Ne are

Potassium Valence Electrons

Comparing Be with He, we see that the former has two more electrons and therefore should have a valence of 2. The element O might be expected to have a valence of 6 or a valence of 2 since it has six valence electrons—two less than Ne. Using rules of valence developed in this way, Lewis was able to account for the regular increase and decrease in the subscripts of the compounds in the table found in the Valence section, and reproduced here. In addition he was able to account for more than 50 percent of the formulas in the table. (Those that agree with his ideas are shaded in color in the table. You may wish to refer to that table now and verify that some of the indicated formulas follow Lewis’ rules.) Lewis’ success in this connection gave a clear indication that electrons were the most important factor in holding atoms together when molecules formed.

Despite these successes, there are also difficulties to be found in Lewis’ theories, in particular for elements beyond calcium in the periodic table. The element Br (Z = 35), for example, has 17 more electrons than the noble-gas Ar (Z = 18). This leads us to conclude that Br has 17 valence electrons, which makes it awkward to explain why Br resembles Cl and F so closely even though these two atoms have only seven valence electrons.

Contributors

Potassium Element Valence Electrons

• Ed Vitz (Kutztown University), John W. Moore (UW-Madison), Justin Shorb (Hope College), Xavier Prat-Resina (University of Minnesota Rochester), Tim Wendorff, and Adam Hahn.